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Appendix F Virtual Circuit Topology 484
Appendix F
Virtual Circuit Topology
ATM is a connection-oriented technology, meaning that it sets up virtual circuits over which
end systems communicate. The terminology for virtual circuits is as follows:
• Virtual Channel Logical connections between ATM switches
• Virtual Path A bundle of virtual channels
• Virtual CircuitA series of virtual paths between circuit end points
Figure 21 Virtual Circuit Topology
Think of a virtual path as a cable that contains a bundle of wires. The cable connects two
points and wires within the cable provide individual circuits between the two points. In an
ATM cell header, a VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) identifies a link formed by a virtual path; a
VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) identifies a channel within a virtual path.
The VPI and VCI identify a virtual path, that is, termination points between ATM switches. A
series of virtual paths make up a virtual circuit.
Your ISP (Internet Service Provider) should supply you with VPI/VCI numbers.
- Prestige 662H/HW Series 1
- Copyright 2
- Federal Communications 3
- Commission (FCC) Interference 3
- Statement 3
- ZyXEL Limited Warranty 4
- Customer Support 5
- Customer Support 6 6
- 7 Customer Support 7
- Table of Contents 8
- Chapter 7 10
- Chapter 8 10
- Chapter 15 13
- Chapter 16 13
- Chapter 20 15
- Chapter 21 15
- List of Figures 26
- List of Tables 34
- About This User's Guide 40
- Syntax Conventions 40
- Related Documentation 40
- User Guide Feedback 41
- Graphics Icons Key 41
- Introduction to DSL 42
- 43 Introduction to DSL 43
- CHAPTER 1 44
- High Speed Internet Access 45
- Firewall 45
- Content Filtering 46
- Content Access Control 46
- Anti-Virus Packet Scan 46
- IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN 46
- Protocol Support 49
- Networking Compatibility 49
- 1.1.2.1 Internet Access 51
- LED descriptions 52
- CHAPTER 2 54
- 2.1.2 Resetting the Prestige 55
- CHAPTER 3 60
- 3.1.2 Multiplexing 61
- 3.1.3 VPI and VCI 61
- 3.3.1 IP Address Assignment 63
- 3.3.3 NAT 64
- 3.4.1 DHCP Setup 69
- CHAPTER 4 72
- CHAPTER 5 76
- 77 Chapter 5 Password Setup 77
- CHAPTER 6 78
- 6.2 DNS Server Address 79
- 6.4 LAN TCP/IP 80
- 6.5 Any IP 81
- 6.5.1 How Any IP Works 82
- 6.6 Configuring LAN 83
- 6.7 Configuring Static DHCP 84
- 85 Chapter 6 LAN Setup 85
- Figure 22 LAN: Static DHCP 85
- Table 15 LAN: Static DHCP 85
- CHAPTER 7 86
- 87 Chapter 7 DMZ 87
- Figure 23 DMZ 87
- Table 16 DMZ 87
- Chapter 7 DMZ 88 88
- Table 16 DMZ (continued) 88
- 89 Chapter 7 DMZ 89
- CHAPTER 8 90
- 8.1.3 ESS ID 91
- 8.1.4 RTS/CTS 91
- 8.2 Levels of Security 92
- 8.3 Data Encryption with WEP 93
- 8.4 Configuring Wireless LAN 93
- Figure 26 Wireless LAN 94
- Table 17 Wireless LAN 94
- 8.5 Configuring MAC Filter 95
- Table 18 MAC Address Filter 96
- 8.6 Network Authentication 97
- 8.7 Introduction to WPA 99
- LABEL DESCRIPTION 105
- 8.14 Configuring RADIUS 109
- Table 25 RADIUS 110
- CHAPTER 9 112
- 9.3 PPPoE Encapsulation 113
- 9.4 Traffic Shaping 113
- 9.6 Configuring WAN Setup 114
- 115 Chapter 9 WAN Setup 115
- Figure 38 WAN Setup (PPPoE) 115
- Table 26 WAN Setup 115
- Chapter 9 WAN Setup 116 116
- 9.7 Traffic Redirect 117
- 9.8 Configuring WAN Backup 118
- 119 Chapter 9 WAN Setup 119
- Figure 41 WAN Backup 119
- Table 27 WAN Backup 119
- Check WAN IP Address 120
- 121 Chapter 9 WAN Setup 121
- Chapter 9 WAN Setup 122 122
- 123 Chapter 9 WAN Setup 123
- 9.10 AT Command Strings 124
- 9.11 DTR Signal 124
- 9.12 Response Strings 124
- Chapter 9 WAN Setup 126 126
- 127 Chapter 9 WAN Setup 127
- CHAPTER 10 128
- 10.1.2 What NAT Does 129
- 10.1.3 How NAT Works 129
- 10.1.4 NAT Application 130
- 10.1.5 NAT Mapping Types 130
- Table 31 NAT Mapping Types 131
- 10.3 SUA Server 132
- 10.4 Selecting the NAT Mode 133
- 10.5 Configuring SUA Server 134
- CHAPTER 11 140
- Figure 51 Dynamic DNS 141
- Table 37 Dynamic DNS 141
- CHAPTER 12 142
- 143 Chapter 12 Time and Date 143
- Table 38 Time and Date 143
- CHAPTER 13 144
- 145 Chapter 13 Firewalls 145
- 13.4 Denial of Service 146
- 13.4.2 Types of DoS Attacks 147
- Chapter 13 Firewalls 148 148
- Figure 55 SYN Flood 148
- 13.4.2.1 ICMP Vulnerability 149
- 13.5 Stateful Inspection 150
- 151 Chapter 13 Firewalls 151
- 13.5.3 TCP Security 152
- 13.5.4 UDP/ICMP Security 153
- 13.5.5 Upper Layer Protocols 153
- 13.6.1 Security In General 154
- 13.7.1 Packet Filtering: 155
- 13.7.2 Firewall 155
- Chapter 13 Firewalls 156 156
- 157 Chapter 13 Firewalls 157
- CHAPTER 14 158
- 14.3 Rule Logic Overview 159
- 14.3.3.1 Action 160
- 14.3.3.2 Service 160
- 14.3.3.3 Source Address 160
- 14.4.1 LAN to WAN Rules 161
- 14.4.2 WAN to LAN Rules 161
- 14.4.3 Alerts 162
- 14.6 Rule Summary 164
- Address 167
- 14.7 Customized Services 168
- 14.9 Example Firewall Rule 169
- 14.10 Predefined Services 173
- 14.11 Anti-Probing 175
- 14.12.1 Threshold Values 177
- 14.12.2 Half-Open Sessions 177
- CHAPTER 15 180
- CHAPTER 16 184
- 16.2.2 Configuring Services 188
- 16.2.2.1 Available Services 189
- SERVICE DESCRIPTION 191
- 16.3 User Account Setup 198
- 16.4 User Online Status 200
- 16.5.1 User Login 201
- 16.5.2 Administrator Login 202
- CHAPTER 17 204
- CHAPTER 18 212
- 18.2 IPSec Architecture 213
- 18.3 Encapsulation 214
- 18.4 IPSec and NAT 215
- Table 65 VPN and NAT 216
- CHAPTER 19 218
- 19.3 My IP Address 219
- 19.5 VPN Summary Screen 220
- 19.4 Secure Gateway Address 220
- 221 Chapter 19 VPN Screens 221
- Figure 94 VPN Summary 221
- Table 67 VPN Summary 221
- 19.6 Keep Alive 222
- 19.7 NAT Traversal 222
- 19.7.2 Remote DNS Server 223
- 19.8 ID Type and Content 224
- VPN tunnel 225
- 19.9 Pre-Shared Key 226
- 19.10 Editing VPN Policies 226
- 227 Chapter 19 VPN Screens 227
- Figure 97 VPN IKE 227
- Chapter 19 VPN Screens 228 228
- Table 72 VPN IKE 228
- 229 Chapter 19 VPN Screens 229
- Chapter 19 VPN Screens 230 230
- 19.11 IKE Phases 231
- 19.11.1 Negotiation Mode 232
- 233 Chapter 19 VPN Screens 233
- Chapter 19 VPN Screens 234 234
- 235 Chapter 19 VPN Screens 235
- 19.13 Manual Key Setup 236
- 19.14 Configuring Manual Key 237
- Chapter 19 VPN Screens 238 238
- Table 74 VPN: Manual Key 238
- 239 Chapter 19 VPN Screens 239
- 19.15 Viewing SA Monitor 240
- 241 Chapter 19 VPN Screens 241
- Table 75 241
- Chapter 19 VPN Screens 242 242
- 243 Chapter 19 VPN Screens 243
- Chapter 19 VPN Screens 244 244
- 245 Chapter 19 VPN Screens 245
- CHAPTER 20 246
- 20.2 Telnet 247
- 20.3 FTP 247
- 20.4 Web 248
- CHAPTER 21 250
- 21.2 UPnP and ZyXEL 251
- Table 80 Configuring UPnP 252
- Components selection box 253
- Figure 117 System Tray Icon 260
- Network 261
- CHAPTER 22 264
- 265 Chapter 22 Logs Screens 265
- Figure 122 Log Settings 265
- Table 81 Log Settings 265
- 22.3 Displaying the Logs 266
- 22.4 SMTP Error Messages 267
- 22.4.1 Example E-mail Log 268
- 269 Chapter 22 Logs Screens 269
- CHAPTER 23 270
- 23.5 Scheduler 272
- 23.7 Bandwidth Borrowing 275
- 23.8 Configuring Summary 277
- 23.9 Configuring Class Setup 278
- 23.10 Bandwidth Monitor 283
- CHAPTER 24 284
- 285 Chapter 24 Maintenance 285
- Figure 136 System Status 285
- Table 91 System Status 285
- 24.2.1 System Statistics 286
- 287 Chapter 24 Maintenance 287
- 24.3 DHCP Table Screen 288
- 24.4 Any IP Table Screen 289
- 24.5 Wireless Screen 289
- 24.6 Diagnostic Screens 290
- 291 Chapter 24 Maintenance 291
- 24.7 Firmware Screen 293
- Chapter 24 Maintenance 294 294
- Figure 145 Error Message 294
- 295 Chapter 24 Maintenance 295
- CHAPTER 25 296
- Figure 146 Login Screen 297
- ? > or 298
- 1234", and 299
- Table 101 Main Menu Summary 299
- *” for each 300
- CHAPTER 26 302
- CHAPTER 27 306
- [ENTER] 308
- Press ENTER to Confirm 309
- FIELD DESCRIPTION 311
- CHAPTER 28 312
- CHAPTER 29 316
- MAC address table 317
- CHAPTER 30 320
- 30.4 IP Alias Setup 321
- 30.5 Route IP Setup 322
- Menu 4 Internet Access Setup 324
- CHAPTER 31 326
- 31.4 Remote Node Filter 332
- 31.5.3 Advance Setup Options 334
- CHAPTER 32 336
- CHAPTER 33 340
- 341 Chapter 33 Bridging Setup 341
- 343 Chapter 33 Bridging Setup 343
- CHAPTER 34 344
- 34.3 NAT Setup 346
- Menu 15.1.255 is read-only 347
- 34.3.1.3 Ordering Your Rules 349
- 34.5 General NAT Examples 352
- Figure 192 NAT Example 1 353
- Figure 194 NAT Example 2 354
- Figure 196 NAT Example 3 355
- Figure 201 NAT Example 4 358
- CHAPTER 35 360
- CHAPTER 36 362
- Filter Rule 363
- Filter Set 363
- Len Length 366
- 36.4.1 TCP/IP Filter Rule 367
- 36.4.2 Generic Filter Rule 369
- Length= 0 370
- 36.5 Filter Types and NAT 371
- 36.6 Example Filter 371
- Table 129 Filter Sets Table 373
- 36.7.1 Ethernet Traffic 374
- 36.7.2 Remote Node Filters 374
- CHAPTER 37 376
- 37.2 Supported MIBs 377
- 37.3 SNMP Configuration 377
- 37.4 SNMP Traps 378
- CHAPTER 38 380
- 38.1.3 IEEE802.1x 382
- CHAPTER 39 386
- 39.3 System Information 388
- 39.3.2 Console Port Speed 389
- 39.4 Log and Trace 390
- 39.4.2 Syslog and Accounting 391
- Figure 237 Syslog Example 392
- 39.5 Diagnostic 393
- CHAPTER 40 396
- 40.2 Backup Configuration 397
- 40.2.4 GUI-based FTP Clients 399
- 40.2.7 TFTP Command Example 400
- 40.3 Restore Configuration 402
- 40.4.1 Firmware File Upload 405
- 40.4.5 TFTP File Upload 407
- CHAPTER 41 412
- 41.2 Call Control Support 413
- 41.3 Time and Date Setting 414
- 41.3.1 Resetting the Time 416
- CHAPTER 42 418
- 42.4 System Timeout 420
- CHAPTER 43 422
- 43.4 IP Routing Policy Setup 423
- 43.5 Applying an IP Policy 426
- (192.168.1.100) 429
- CHAPTER 44 430
- CHAPTER 45 434
- 45.2 IPSec Summary Screen 435
- 45.3 IPSec Setup 437
- Menu 27.1.1 IPSec Setup 438
- 45.4 IKE Setup 441
- 45.5 Manual Setup 443
- CHAPTER 46 446
- 447 Chapter 46 SA Monitor 447
- Chapter 46 SA Monitor 448 448
- 449 Chapter 46 SA Monitor 449
- CHAPTER 47 450
- Remember 451
- CHAPTER 48 454
- Appendix A 458
- Cable Pin Assignments 458
- Appendix B 460
- Splitters and Microfilters 460
- Prestige With ISDN 461
- Appendix C 462
- Installing Components 463
- Configuring 464
- Windows 2000/NT/XP 465
- Macintosh OS 8/9 469
- Macintosh OS X 471
- Verifying Settings 472
- Appendix D 474
- IP Subnetting 474
- Subnet Masks 475
- Subnetting 475
- Example: Two Subnets 476
- 477 Appendix D IP Subnetting 477
- Table 7 Subnet 1 477
- Table 8 Subnet 2 477
- Example: Four Subnets 478
- Example Eight Subnets 479
- Appendix D IP Subnetting 480 480
- 481 Appendix D IP Subnetting 481
- Appendix E 482
- How PPPoE Works 483
- Prestige as a PPPoE Client 483
- Appendix F 484
- Virtual Circuit Topology 484
- Appendix G 486
- Wireless LAN and IEEE 802.11 486
- Appendix H 490
- Wireless LAN With IEEE 802.1x 490
- Appendix I 492
- Types of EAP Authentication 492
- PEAP (Protected EAP) 493
- Appendix J 494
- Recommendation 494
- Connector Type 495
- Appendix K 496
- Registering Your ZyXEL Device 497
- Appendix K 498 498
- 9 Click Continue again 499
- Activating a Service 500
- 501 Appendix K 501
- Appendix L 502
- 503 Appendix L 503
- Appendix L 504 504
- 505 Appendix L 505
- Appendix M 506
- 507 Appendix M 507
- Appendix M 508 508
- 509 Appendix M 509
- Appendix M 510 510
- 511 Appendix M 511
- Appendix M 512 512
- 513 Appendix M 513
- Appendix M 514 514
- 515 Appendix M 515
- Appendix M 516 516
- 517 Appendix M 517
- Appendix M 518 518
- 519 Appendix M 519
- Appendix M 520 520
- 521 Appendix M 521
- Appendix M 522 522
- 523 Appendix M 523
- Appendix M 524 524
- 525 Appendix M 525
- Command Examples 526
- 527 Appendix M 527
- Appendix N 528
- Command Interpreter 528
- 529 Appendix N 529
- Appendix O 530
- Firewall Commands 530
- 531 Appendix O 531
- Appendix P 532
- NetBIOS Filter Commands 532
- NetBIOS Filter Configuration 533
- Appendix P 534 534
- 535 Appendix P 535
- Appendix Q 536
- Brute-Force Password Guessing 536
- Protection 536
- 537 Appendix Q 537
- Appendix R 538
- Boot Commands 538
- 539 Appendix R 539
- Appendix S 540
- Log Descriptions 540
- 541 Appendix S 541
- Table 31 System Error Logs 541
- Appendix S 542 542
- Table 33 TCP Reset Logs 542
- Table 34 Packet Filter Logs 542
- Table 35 ICMP Logs 542
- 543 Appendix S 543
- Table 36 CDR Logs 543
- Table 37 PPP Logs 543
- Appendix S 544 544
- Table 38 UPnP Logs 544
- 545 Appendix S 545
- Table 40 Attack Logs 545
- Appendix S 546 546
- Table 41 IPSec Logs 546
- Table 42 IKE Logs 546
- 547 Appendix S 547
- Appendix S 548 548
- 549 Appendix S 549
- Table 43 802.1X Logs 549
- Appendix S 550 550
- Table 44 ACL Setting Notes 550
- Table 45 ICMP Notes 550
- 551 Appendix S 551
- Table 46 Syslog Logs 551
- Log Commands 552
- Log Command Example 553
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