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P-660R-F1 Series User’s Guide242
Example: Two Subnets
As an example, you have a class “C” address 192.168.1.0 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
The first three octets of the address make up the network number (class “C”).
To make two networks, divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate subnets by converting one of the host
ID bits of the IP address to a network number bit. The “borrowed” host ID bit can be either “0” or “1” thus
giving two subnets; 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 and 192.168.1.128 with mask 255.255.255.128.
Note: In the following charts, shaded/bolded last octet bit values indicate host ID bits “borrowed” to
make network ID bits. The number of “borrowed” host ID bits determines the number of
subnets you can have. The remaining number of host ID bits (after “borrowing”) determines
the number of hosts you can have on each subnet.
Table 104 Two Subnets Example
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER HOST ID
IP Address 192.168.1. 0
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
Subnet Mask 255.255.255. 0
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000
Table 105 Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 0
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
Subnet Mask 255.255.255. 128
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 10000000
Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
Table 106 Subnet 2
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 128
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000
Subnet Mask 255.255.255. 128
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 10000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
- P-660R-F1 Series 1
- About This User's Guide 3
- Document Conventions 4
- Copyright 5
- Certifications 5
- Notice 1 6
- FCC Caution 6
- Viewing Certifications 6
- Safety Warnings 7
- Table of Contents 9
- Chapter 7 11
- Chapter 8 11
- Contents Overview 17
- CHAPTER 1 19
- 1.2 Features 20
- 1.4 Front Panel Lights 22
- 1.5 Hardware Connection 23
- CHAPTER 2 24
- 2.3.1 Using the Reset Button 26
- 2.4.1 Navigation Panel 26
- LINK/ICON SUB-LINK FUNCTION 27
- 2.4.2 Status Screen 28
- Table 4 Status Screen 29
- 2.4.3 Status: Any IP Table 30
- Figure 10 System General 33
- CHAPTER 3 34
- 3.2.1 Automatic Detection 35
- 3.2.2 Manual Configuration 36
- CHAPTER 4 43
- 4.1.2 Multiplexing 44
- 4.1.4 VPI and VCI 45
- 4.1.5 IP Address Assignment 45
- 4.2 Metric 46
- 4.3 Traffic Shaping 46
- 4.3.1 ATM Traffic Classes 47
- Chapter 4 WAN Setup 49
- Chapter 4 WAN Setup 50
- 4.6.1 More Connections Edit 55
- 4.7 Traffic Redirect 58
- 4.8 Configuring WAN Backup 60
- CHAPTER 5 63
- 5.1.3 DNS Server Address 64
- 5.2 LAN TCP/IP 65
- 5.2.2 RIP Setup 66
- 5.2.3 Multicast 66
- 5.2.4 Any IP 67
- 5.3 Configuring LAN IP 68
- 5.4 DHCP Setup 70
- 5.5 LAN Client List 71
- 5.6 LAN IP Alias 72
- Chapter 5 LAN Setup 74
- Table 22 LAN IP Alias 74
- CHAPTER 6 75
- 6.1.2 What NAT Does 76
- 6.1.3 How NAT Works 76
- 6.1.4 NAT Application 77
- 6.1.5 NAT Mapping Types 77
- 6.3 NAT General Setup 79
- 6.4 Port Forwarding 80
- NAT > General screen 81
- 6.6 The SIP ALG Screen 83
- 6.7 DMZ Hosting 84
- CHAPTER 7 85
- Anti-Probing 86
- DoS Thresholds 86
- 7.3 The Firewall Rule Screen 90
- 7.3.2 Customized Services 94
- 7.4.1 Threshold Values 97
- 7.5.4 Triangle Route 101
- Chapter 7 Firewalls 103
- P-660R-F1 Series User’s Guide 103
- Figure 63 IP Alias 103
- Chapter 7 Firewalls 104
- CHAPTER 8 105
- Interface 112
- Packet Filtering 113
- When To Use Filtering 113
- Firewall 113
- When To Use The Firewall 113
- Chapter 8 Packet Filters 114
- CHAPTER 9 115
- Certificate File Formats 116
- 9.2.1 My Certificate Import 118
- 9.2.2 My Certificate Create 120
- Chapter 9 Certificates 121
- LABEL DESCRIPTION 121
- Chapter 9 Certificates 124
- 9.3 The Trusted CAs Screen 125
- 9.3.1 Trusted CA Import 127
- 9.3.2 Trusted CA Details 128
- 9.6.1 Certificates Overview 137
- Advantages of Certificates 138
- Self-signed Certificates 138
- CHAPTER 10 141
- 10.2.1 Static Route Edit 143
- Chapter 10 Static Route 144
- CHAPTER 11 145
- Tagging and Marking 146
- VoIP: Queue 6 147
- Boss: Queue 5 147
- IP=192.168.1.23 147
- Chapter 11 Quality Of Service 148
- 11.2 The QoS General Screen 149
- 11.4 The QoS Monitor Screen 155
- 11.5 QoS Technical Reference 156
- 11.5.3 DiffServ 157
- CHAPTER 12 159
- Device and the DDNS server 161
- Chapter 12 Dynamic DNS Setup 162
- CHAPTER 13 163
- 13.2 The WWW Screen 164
- 13.3 Telnet 167
- 13.4 Configuring Telnet 167
- 13.5 Configuring FTP 168
- 13.6 SNMP 169
- 13.6.1 Supported MIBs 170
- 13.6.2 SNMP Traps 170
- 13.6.3 Configuring SNMP 171
- 13.7 Configuring DNS 172
- 13.8 Configuring ICMP 173
- CHAPTER 14 174
- 14.2 UPnP and ZyXEL 175
- CHAPTER 15 185
- 15.2 Time Setting 187
- Chapter 15 System 188
- Chapter 15 System 189
- CHAPTER 16 191
- 16.3 The Log Settings Screen 193
- Chapter 16 Logs 194
- 16.4 SMTP Error Messages 195
- 16.5 Log Descriptions 197
- CHAPTER 17 205
- 17.2 Configuration Screen 207
- 17.3 Restart 209
- CHAPTER 18 210
- 18.2 DSL Line Diagnostic 211
- Chapter 18 Diagnostic 212
- CHAPTER 19 213
- 19.3 Problems with the WAN 214
- Chapter 19 Troubleshooting 215
- PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION 215
- Chapter 19 Troubleshooting 216
- APPENDIX A 217
- Table 99 Firmware 218
- APPENDIX B 221
- APPENDIX C 223
- Installing Components 224
- Configuring 224
- Verifying Settings 226
- Windows 2000/NT/XP 226
- Macintosh OS 8/9 232
- Macintosh OS X 233
- Using Configuration Files 237
- APPENDIX D 239
- Subnet Masks 240
- Subnetting 241
- Example: Two Subnets 242
- Example: Four Subnets 243
- Example Eight Subnets 244
- APPENDIX E 247
- ZyXEL Device With ISDN 249
- APPENDIX F 251
- JavaScripts 254
- Java Permissions 256
- JAVA (Sun) 257
- Figure 172 Java (Sun) 258
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